Nature Communications: Structural basis of RNA cap modification by SARS-CoV-2
Thiruselvam Viswanathan,
Shailee Arya,
Siu-Hong Chan,
Shan Qi,
Nan Dai,
Anurag Misra,
Jun-Gyu Park,
Fatai Oladunni,
Dmytro Kovalskyy,
Robert A. Hromas,
Luis Martinez-Sobrido &
Yogesh K. Gupta
Nature Communications volume 11, Article number: 3718 (2020)
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19 illness, has caused millions of infections worldwide. In SARS coronaviruses, the non-structural protein 16 (nsp16), in conjunction with nsp10, methylates the 5′-end of virally encoded mRNAs to mimic cellular mRNAs, thus protecting the virus from host innate immune restriction. We report here the high-resolution structure of a ternary complex of SARS-CoV-2 nsp16 and nsp10 in the presence of cognate RNA substrate analog and methyl donor, S-adenosyl methionine (SAM). The nsp16/nsp10 heterodimer is captured in the act of 2′-O methylation of the ribose sugar of the first nucleotide of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA. We observe large conformational changes associated with substrate binding as the enzyme transitions from a binary to a ternary state. This induced fit model provides mechanistic insights into the 2′-O methylation of the viral mRNA cap. We also discover a distant (25 Å) ligand-binding site unique to SARS-CoV-2, which can alternatively be targeted, in addition to RNA cap and SAM pockets, for antiviral development.
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