Cancer Letters: COX-2 promotes mammary adipose tissue inflammation, local estrogen biosynthesis, and carcinogenesis in high-sugar/fat diet treated mice

Published On: January 9, 2021
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Author links open overlay panelRosângela MayerGonçalvesa,  MarinaDelgoboa, Jonathan PauloAgnesa, Raquel Nascimentodas Nevesa, MarceloFalchettia, TuanyCasagrandea, Ana Paula VargasGarciab, Thaynan CunhaVieirab, NauanaSomensic, Maciel AlencarBruxeld, Daniel Augusto Gasparin BuenoMendese, AlexRafachod, AndréBáficae, Daniel PensGelainc, José Cláudio FonsecaMoreirac, Geovanni DantasCassalib, Alexander James RoyBishopf, AlfeuZanotto-Filhoa

Highlights

•   HSF diet accelerates mammary tumor formation in mice exposed to a carcinogen.
•  COX-2 inhibitor etoricoxib attenuates HSF diet-induced mammary carcinogenesis.
•  Etoricoxib prevents diet-induced CLS-B structures formation in the mammary tissue.
•  Etoricoxib decreases mammary tissue levels of PGE2, IL6, and MCP-1 in mice fed HSF diet.
•  Diet-induced COX-2 promotes aromatase and estrogen synthesis in the mammary tissue.

Abstract

Obesity is a major risk factor for breast cancer, especially in post-menopausal women. In the breast tissue of obese women, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-dependent prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production has been correlated with inflammation and local estrogen biosynthesis via aromatase. Using a mouse model of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene/medroxyprogesterone-acetate (DMBA/MPA)-induced carcinogenesis, we demonstrated that an obesogenic diet promotes mammary tissue inflammation and local estrogen production, and accelerates mammary tumor formation in a COX-2-dependent manner. High-sugar/fat (HSF) diet augmented the levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators MCP-1, IL-6, COX-2, and PGE2 in mammary tissue, and this was accompanied by crown-like structures of the breast (CLS-B) formation and aromatase/estrogen upregulation. Treatment with a COX-2 selective inhibitor, etoricoxib, decreased PGE2, IL-6, MCP-1, and CLS-B formation, as well as reduced aromatase protein and estrogen levels in the mammary tissue of mice, fed an HSF diet. Etoricoxib-treated mice showed increased latency and decreased incidence of mammary tumors, which resulted in prolonged animal survival when compared to the HSF diet alone. Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis also seemed to account for the prolonged survival of COX-2 inhibitor-treated animals. In conclusion, obesogenic diet-induced COX-2 is sufficient to trigger inflammation, local estrogen biosynthesis, and mammary tumorigenesis.

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Since 2004, UT Health San Antonio, Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute’s (Greehey CCRI) mission has been to advance scientific knowledge relevant to childhood cancer, contribute to the understanding of its causes, and accelerate the translation of knowledge into novel therapies. Through discovery, development, and dissemination of new scientific knowledge, Greehey CCRI strives to have a national and global impact on childhood cancer. Our mission consists of three key areas — research, clinical, and education.

Stay connected with the Greehey CCRI on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Instagram.

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Article Categories: All News, Research Paper

Since 2004, UT Health San Antonio, Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute’s (Greehey CCRI) mission has been to advance scientific knowledge relevant to childhood cancer, contribute to understanding its causes, and accelerate the translation of knowledge into novel therapies. Greehey CCRI strives to have a national and global impact on childhood cancer by discovering, developing, and disseminating new scientific knowledge. Our mission consists of three key areas — research, clinical, and education.

Stay connected with the Greehey CCRI on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Instagram.